In Iran, End of an Era: Assembly of Experts Chairman Rafsanjani Is Removed

Introduction

In advance of the Iranian Assembly of Experts' election of a new chairman, on March 8, 2011,^[1] supporters of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad acted to remove Hashemi Rafsanjani from the post of Assembly chairman, by promoting their own candidate, moderate-conservative Ayatollah Mahdavi-Kani.[2] Coinciding with this, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, on February 18, approved regime measures against protest movement leaders Mir Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi, who since then have been under arrest.[3]

Indeed, on the morning of election day, March 8, the Iranian news agency Fars reported that Rafsanjani had withdrawn his candidacy in favor of Ayatollah Mahdavi-Kani, who immediately won a vast majority of the votes.[4]

With Rafsanjani's removal from this important center of power, it is evident that he has also lost the support of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. [5]

This can be seen as the completion of a decade-long effort by Khamenei to completely eradicate the reformist stream (i.e. the reformist movement) – an effort that began in the countrywide municipal elections in 2002, in the Majlis elections in 2004 and 2008, and the presidential elections in 2005 and 2009. The eradication effort later expanded to include as targets the conservative-pragmatic group of the Iranian regime elite headed by Rafsanjani, who had been the right-hand man of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the revolutionary regime, and a partner in the leadership of Ali Khamenei. Other prominent members of this elite who have been targeted are protest movement leaders Mehdi Karroubi, Mir Hossein Mousavi, and former president Mohammad Khatami, and their associates.[6]

Rafsanjani's Removal from Assembly of Experts – Political Removal of Iran's Conservative Pragmatist Elite

As noted in MEMRI Inquiry and Analysis No 253, in June 2005, the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as president marked the coming of a "second Islamic revolution."[7] In 2005, at the height of the power struggle in the regime's top echelons, the reformist camp was erased from the Iranian political scene, and the regime's center of gravity shifted to a conservative-fundamentalist-messianic group, the centers of which are clerics such as Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi, Ahmadinejad's spiritual mentor, and the security establishment, particularly the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) the Basij paramilitary forces, and the intelligence apparatuses, whose members today control the Majlis and the institute of the presidency.

In an attempt to compensate for the disappearance of the reform-seekers' camp from the political arena, and to restore the political balance that was upset when the stream identified with Ahmadinejad took over the centers of power, in October 2005 Supreme Leader Khamenei reacted to Ahmadinejad's "second Islamic revolution" by formally recognizing Rafsanjani's position as No. 2 in the Iranian leadership, and by giving the Guardian Council, which Rafsanjani still heads, the authority of broad oversight. This, in Khamenei's view, balanced the increasing extremism of Ahmadinejad's supporters.[8]

The March 8 announcement by Rafsanjani, a founding member of the revolutionary regime, that he was withdrawing his candidacy for chairmanship of the Assembly of Experts is a tremendous victory for Ahmadinejad's Islamist-messianic stream and for the "second Islamic revolution" that he leads, in the struggle against the members of the old guard – Rafsanjani, Mousavi, Karroubi, and Khatami – over the identity of the Iranian state.

According to Ayandenews, next in line for elimination are Ahmadinejad rivals Majlis speaker Ali Larijani and Tehran mayor Mohammad Qalibaf, who are loyal to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.[9]

Who Does Khamenei Prefer For Assembly Chairman?

It was not clear who Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei preferred to head the crucially important Assembly of Experts.

Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi, deputy Assembly of Experts head and known opponent of Rafsanjani, said that Khamenei had no preference regarding the candidates.[10] Also, Assembly members Ayatollahs Abd Al-Mahmoud Abdollahi and Akbar Qarah-Baghi, who are supporters of Ahmadinejad, told the Fars news agency the same thing, and added that the reports of Khamenei's support for Rafsanjani in the Assembly of Experts election were mere rumor. [11]

Rafsanjani, who was in recent months the target of a campaign of instigation and public denunciation launched by Ahmadinejad's circles, depicting him as being behind the 2009 unrest, has repeatedly declared his loyalty to Leader Khamenei and to the regime. In a mid-February 2011 meeting with four members of the Front of Followers of the Imam's (i.e. Khomeini's) Line and of the Leader [Khamenei], who warned him of an intent to remove him if he did not declare his loyalty to the regime and to Leader Ali Khamenei, Rafsanjani clarified that the "enemies of the regime are trying to drive a wedge between me and the leader (Khamenei)... I expressed my position [against] the fitna [civil strife] movement [i.e. the protest movement] in an Assembly of Experts declaration..."

Also in that meeting, Rafsanjani strongly condemned the protest movement, which he called fitna, and added that in the near future he will publish a book proving that he had "warned before anyone else that a fitna group existed in the country."[12]

Rafsanjani added: "I have three clear red lines: the regime, the 'rule of the jurisprudent,' and Khamenei... I love Khamenei and I would not trade this friendship for anything. He is beloved of my heart. If I cannot see him weekly, I feel the lack. He is unequalled in the leadership. In my view, if the status of the 'rule of the jurisprudent' in the country is harmed, the enemy will harm the regime."[13]

It should be noted that although Rafsanjani was never a member of or identified with the reform seekers, he was the moving force behind the scenes in the 2009 presidential candidacy of Mir Hossein Mousavi against Ahmadinejad.

As a member of the founding generation of the Islamic revolution in Iran, and as someone who was close to Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini himself, who has served in top posts in regime circles since the revolution, and who has had far-reaching influence in affairs of state, Rafsanjani was, until recently, in the view of Leader Khamenei, a counterweight to the increasing extremism of Ahmadinejad's supporters.

But now, with his removal from the important and powerful post as chairman of the Assembly of Experts, it appears that he has lost the support of Leader Khamenei.

* A. Savyon is Director of the Iranian Media Project; Y. Mansharof is a research fellow at MEMRI.