[1] See MEMRI reports: Daily Brief No. 199, Dear Mr. President: You Are Unable To Destroy The Turkish Economy, As You Warned – Because Your Bogus Ally Qatar Will Save Turkey Yet Again From Your Sanctions, October 11, 2019; Special Dispatch No. 7650, Against The Backdrop Of The U.S.-Turkey Crisis, Qatar Mobilizes To Help Turkey, August 30, 2018.
[2] The article opened with the famous words of the Islamic conqueror of Visigothic Spain, Tariq bin Ziyyad, whose name is borne by the Turkish battalion stationed in Qatar: "Behind you is the sea, before you the enemy. There is no turning back." Hurriyetdailynews.com, August 14, 2019.
[3] See e.g., Gazetevatan.com, December 27, 2017.
[4] Defense.gov, January 14, 2019.
[5] For the full text of some of these agreements, see the Appendices to this report.
[6] The agreement was signed on December 25, 2001; see Resmigazete.gov.tr, February 18, 2002.
[7] The agreement was signed on May 23, 2007; see Resmigazete.gov.tr, August 5, 2008.
[8] The agreements were signed on July 2, 2012; see Resmigazete.gov.tr, November 7, 2012; Resmigazete.gov.tr, January 26, 2013.
[9] Diwan.gov.qa, December 19, 2014; resmigazete.gov.tr, June 8, 2015.
[10] See statements by Turkish Ambassador to Qatar Ahmet Demirok, Sputniknews.com, December 16, 2015; Aljazeera.net, June 10, 12, 2017.
[11] Resmigazete.gov.tr, June 8, 2015; diwan.gov.qa, December 19, 2014. Many articles of the 2014 agreement rely on the Qatar-Turkey agreement "on training, technical and scientific cooperation," signed by the two countries on May 23, 2007.
[12] Tensions between Qatar and the three Gulf countries peaked on March 5, 2014, when the three announced they were recalling their ambassadors from Qatar. The ambassadors' recall was a protest against Qatar's policies on a number of issues, which, the three countries said, contradicted and even threatened Gulf interests; these issues included Qatar's support for the Muslim Brotherhood (MB), especially in light of the ouster of Egyptian president Muhammad Mursi; the Qatari media's hostile coverage of other Gulf states; and Qatar's foreign policy that is not in line with the policy of the trio vis-à-vis regional issues such as the relations with Iran and the Syria crisis. On this tension in the Gulf see Inquiry & Analysis No.1075, Unprecedented Tension Between Qatar And Saudi Arabia/UAE/Bahrain Threatens To Break Up Gulf Cooperation Council, March 14, 2014.
Unprecedented Tension Between Qatar And Saudi Arabia/UAE/Bahrain Threatens To Break Up Gulf Cooperation Council See
[13] Resmigazete.gov.tr, June 8, 2015.
[14] Resmigazete.gov.tr, August 5, 2008.
[15] Arabic.cnn.com, April 28, 2019.
[16] Ara.reuters.com, December 16, 2015.
[17] Nordicmonitor.com, January 7, 2019.
[18] Aljazeera.net, June 7, 10, 2017.
[19] Aljazeera.net, June 7, 10, 2017.
[20] Tccb.gov.tr, November 15, 2017.
[21] Raialyoum.com, November 21, 2017; Alkhaleejonline.net, November 15, 2017.
[22] Alkhaleejonline.net, November 15, 2017.
[23] Nordicmonitor.com, July 12, 2019.
[24] Dailysabah.com, June 13, 2018, reuters.com, August 7, 2017; aljazeera.net, June 10, 2017.
[25] Hurriyetdailynews.com, August 14, 2019.
[26] Hurriyetdailynews.com, August 14, 2019.
[27] Classified Turkish military documents reveal that the Turkish government planned to have 2,800 personnel, including 1,434 from the land force, 272 from the air force, and 228 from the navy, in Qatar by December 2019.
[28] Alkhaleejonline.net, March 13, 2018; yenisafak.com, March 14, 2018.
[29] Eremnews.com, October 30, 2015; Milliyet.com.tr, November 16, 2017.
[30] Aljazeera.net, February 16, 2017.
[31] Al-Raya (Qatar), August 8, 2017.
[32] Aa.com.tr, August 6, 2017.
[33] Al-Arab (Qatar), March 26, 2018.
[34] Aa.com.tr, April 30, 2018.
[35] Al-Raya (Qatar), December 25, 2019.
[36] Al-Arab (Qatar), December 25, 2018.
[37] Al-Raya (Qatar), May 1, 2019.
[38] Aa.com.tr, April 28, 2019.
[39] Khaleejonline.net, July 3, 2019.
[40] Resmigazete.gov.tr, November 7, 2012.
[41] Hurriyet.com.tr, August 11, 2016.
[42] Al-Arab (Qatar), August 11, 2016.
[43] Aa.com.tr/ar, December 18, 2018.
[44] Al-Raya (Qatar), November 5, 2017.
[45] Al-Watan (Qatar), May 19, 2019.
[46] Al-Raya (Qatar), August 6, 2019.
[47] Aa.com.tr/ar, September 22, 2019.
[48] Aa.com.tr, November 6, 2019.
[49] Milliyet.com.tr, December 26, 2017.
[50] Al-Quds Al-Arabi (London), December 26, 2017.
[51] Al-Sharq (Qatar), February 13, 2019.
[52] Diwan.gov.qa, December 19, 2014; almeesan.qa, June 7, 2015.
[53] Icisleri.gov.tr, December 3, 2015.
[54] Mfa.gov.tr, December 18, 2016.
[55] Diabgm.adalet.gov.tr, accessed November 7, 2019.
[56] Trthaber.com, November 26, 2018.
[57] Diwan.gov.qa, December 19, 2014; almeezan.qa, June 7, 2015.
[58] Al Sharq (Qatar), October 27, 2019.
[59] Al Sharq (Qatar), December 20, 2018.
[60] Al-Raya (Qatar), November 26, 2018.
[61] Arabic.sputniknews.com, November 26, 2018. It should be noted that, in light of the escalating tension between Turkey and the U.S. over various issues, including Turkey's purchase the Russian S-400 missile defense system – tensions that peaked in August 2018 and led to the imposing of U.S. sanctions on Turkey that hurt its economy – Qatar mobilized to help its ally Turkey, through declarations of support by the Qatari emir and other officials, and also by means of a $18 billion aid package. See MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 7650, Against The Backdrop Of The U.S.-Turkey Crisis, Qatar Mobilizes To Help Turkey, August 30, 2018; MEMRI Daily Brief No. 199 – Dear Mr. President: You Are Unable To Destroy The Turkish Economy, As You Warned – Because Your Bogus Ally Qatar Will Save Turkey Yet Again From Your Sanctions, October 11, 2019.
[62] Twitter.com/TamimBinHamad, November 26, 2018.
[63] Mofa.gov.qa, November 3, 2019.
[64] Al-Arab (Qatar), October 13, 2019; on the preparatory meeting, see Al-Raya (Qatar), October 25, 2019.
[65] Al-Raya (Qatar), October 31, 2019.
[66] Army-technology.com, April 13, 2019; assets.publishing.service.gov.uk, July 25, 2017.
[67] Aa.com.tr, November 13, 2017.
[68] Al-Arab (Qatar), December 28, 2017.
[69] Al-Watan (Qatar), October 30, 2018.
[70] Hurriyetdailynews.com, March 13, 2012.
[71] Defense Turkey (Turkey), Issue 82, 2018.
[72] Armyrecognition.com, April 15, 2017; nordicmonitor.com, January 22, 2019; skynewsarabia.com, August 14, 2019.
[73] Haberler.com, March 13, 2018.
[74] Aa.com.tr, March 14, 2018.
[75] Aa.com.tr, March 14, 2018.
[76] Armyrecognition.com, April 15, 2017.
[77] Sdarabia.com, March 14, 2018.
[78] Aksam.com.tr, December 3, 2018. Aksam.com.tr, December 2, 2018.
[79] Dailysabah.com, March 13, 2019.
[80] Savunmasanayisi.com, March 24, 2019; Al-Watan (Qatar), March 25, 2019; Al-Raya (Qatar), March 26, 2019.
[81] Resmigazete.gov.tr, January 26, 2013.
[82] Sportstar.thehindu.com, March 28, 2019.
[83] Thepeninsulaqatar.com, May 2, 2019.
[84] Haberturk.com, October 31, 2019.
[85] Al-Arab (London), November 29, 2018.
[86] Al-Sharq (Qatar), January 30, 2019.
[87] Haber3.com, April 4, 2019.
[88] Aa.com.tr, October 21, 2019.
[89] Al-Sharq (Qatar), October 27, 2019.
[90] Aa.com.tr, January 18, 2018; ecocci.org, January 19, 2019.
[91] Resmigazete.gov.tr, February 18, 2002.
[92] Resmigazete.gov.tr, August 5, 2008.
[93] Resmigazete.gov.tr, January 26, 2013.
[94] Resmigazete.gov.tr , November 11, 2012.
[95] Resmigazete.gov.tr, June 8, 2015.
[96] Resmigazete.gov.tr, June 7, 2015.
[97] Nordicmonitor.com, July 1, 2019.
[98] Nordicmonitor.com, July 12, 2019.
